Above-ground storm shelters offer a potentially life-saving solution during severe weather events, but their safety hinges on several critical factors. While they don't provide the same level of protection as fully buried shelters, properly designed and installed above-ground shelters can significantly increase your chances of survival in a tornado, hurricane, or other severe storm. This guide will explore the safety aspects of above-ground storm shelters, addressing common concerns and providing insights to help you make an informed decision.
What Makes an Above-Ground Storm Shelter Safe?
The safety of an above-ground storm shelter relies heavily on its construction and features. Key elements include:
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Strong Construction: The shelter must be built from robust materials capable of withstanding high winds, debris impact, and potential flooding. Look for shelters constructed from reinforced concrete, steel, or other similarly strong materials. The walls, roof, and doors should be exceptionally sturdy.
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Anchoring System: A secure anchoring system is paramount. The shelter must be properly anchored to the ground to prevent it from being lifted or moved by high winds. The anchoring method should be designed to withstand the specific wind loads in your area.
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Proper Installation: Professional installation is crucial. Improper installation can significantly compromise the shelter's safety, negating the benefits of its design. A qualified installer will ensure the shelter is properly anchored and meets all relevant building codes.
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Emergency Features: Essential safety features include adequate ventilation, a reliable communication system (e.g., a two-way radio), and ample emergency supplies (water, food, first-aid kit, etc.). Consider a shelter with a self-contained power source for lighting and ventilation.
Are Above-Ground Storm Shelters as Safe as In-Ground Shelters?
This is a frequently asked question, and the answer is nuanced. In-ground shelters generally offer greater protection due to their lower profile and the surrounding earth providing additional shielding from debris and wind. However, a well-constructed and properly installed above-ground shelter offers a substantial increase in safety compared to remaining in an exposed building during a severe storm. The level of safety depends largely on the quality of the above-ground shelter and its installation.
What are the Potential Risks of Above-Ground Storm Shelters?
While offering significant safety benefits, above-ground storm shelters do present some risks:
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Higher Wind Exposure: Their elevated position makes them more vulnerable to high winds compared to in-ground shelters. Strong anchoring and robust construction are essential to mitigate this risk.
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Debris Impact: While strong materials can withstand much of the debris impact, the likelihood of damage is higher than with in-ground structures.
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Flooding: Above-ground shelters are susceptible to flooding in low-lying areas. Consider the location carefully and potentially incorporate flood mitigation measures.
How Do I Choose a Safe Above-Ground Storm Shelter?
Selecting a safe above-ground storm shelter requires careful consideration of several factors:
- Manufacturer Reputation: Choose a reputable manufacturer with a proven track record of building safe and durable shelters.
- Certification and Standards: Look for shelters that meet or exceed FEMA guidelines and relevant building codes in your area.
- Materials and Construction: Ensure the shelter is constructed from high-quality, impact-resistant materials.
- Anchoring System: Verify the adequacy of the anchoring system for your specific location and anticipated wind loads.
- Installation: Only use certified and experienced installers to ensure proper installation and compliance with building codes.
What should I keep in my above ground storm shelter?
Preparing your storm shelter is just as important as choosing a safe one. Stock it with essential supplies including:
- Water: Store at least one gallon of water per person per day for several days.
- Food: Non-perishable, easy-to-prepare food items are ideal.
- First-aid kit: A comprehensive kit with essential medical supplies.
- Medications: Any necessary prescription medications.
- Flashlight and batteries: For illumination in case of power outages.
- Radio: A battery-powered radio for weather updates and emergency information.
- Blanket: For warmth.
By carefully considering these factors, you can significantly improve your safety during severe weather events. Remember, the best storm shelter is one that is properly designed, constructed, installed, and maintained, regardless of whether it's above ground or below. Always consult with local building codes and emergency management officials for further guidance on shelter selection and safety precautions.
